My aim is to produce a line follower robot with a bump sensor Essay

My aim is to produce a line follower robot with a bump sensor which can reverse if it goes off course. Research: Line follower robots are most commonly produced to take part in competitions. The purpose of the line follower robot is to follow a line. The robot will only follow a line that is black against a white background or a white line against a black background. This is so that the sensors can distinguish a clear difference in light and so the robot can trace and follow the line. From my research I have decided to use infrared LED emitters (phototransistors). They are fairly cheap but work relatively well. To research into the project I was going to make I looked on the internet to find other examples of the line follower robots. I found many different variations and concentrated on the components used. I looked into books and gathered information on how to assemble the circuit on the breadboard and researched on how the components work. I have researched on the type of amplifiers I could use for the line follower. I will use an amplifier to increase the current as I am using low voltage. I looked on the Maplins website (www.maplins.co.uk) and decided to use the LM386 because it is suitable for low voltage applications and it is relatively cheap. Specification: * The robot has to be able to follow straight lines, curves and turn around corners * It has to follow a black line that is against a white background * It must work using one 9V battery * The robot must be able to reverse from any obstacle it hits * It should be able to function on its own (No help needed to guide it) * It should be small and light, easy to move and pick up if veered off course. * Should indicate what direction it will turn Generation of possible solutions: I could use 2 light dependant resistors to detect the difference in light reflected from the line. It would react quite slowly I could use two phototransistors which emit infrared beams onto the line. When less light is detected on the phototransistors there is less resistance thus allowing the motors to move. Sub-system development: My circuit had two designs combined. First is the line follower, which detects light and moves according to the line, and the other part is a bump sensor which when it stumbles across an obstacle it reverses, this is ... ...llowed the light. I also used an ammeter to check the current passing through the circuit. This confirmed that my circuit was working correctly. When I covered the phototransistors the there was around 0.4 A passing through. However, when I applied light onto the phototransistors (using an ordinary LED) I noticed that the reading on the ammeter was 8.6 A. this proves my theory that covering the phototransistors, it increases the resistance. Evaluation: My circuit works well and follows my specification. The motors move forward when light is placed and it and slow down when no light is present on the phototransistors. * Robot has the ability to move in s straight line, around curves and turn corners. * With the photo transistors it can follow a black line against a white background. * It works using a 9V battery * It has a relay which reverses the direction of the motors turning so it can move away from obstacles * It doesn’t require anyone to move it or guide it using a remote control. * It is light and easy to move so when it goes of course I am able to put it back on the line * Has two LEDs which indicate what direction it is turning

Are Parents Really to Blame for Their Kids’ Behavior?

Vanessa Olson Mrs. Novak September 17, 2012 Final Draft Are Parents Really to Blame for Their Kids’ Behavior? Watching how children, or even teenagers my age, act, I wonder how or why their parents let them get away with their behavior. What causes some kids to talk disrespectful to others or throw temper tantrums for the littlest reasons? My parents would tell me how, when they were my age, no one acted out like how children do today; that parents do not have the morals or values that the earlier generations have.After all, I personally would never allow my children to act in such ways. I started to research if parents were really to blame for the way their children act, or if kids act in their own ways no matter how their parents raised them. At first I searched through Google to see if I could find articles debating whether parents were really to blame for how their children behave. Most of the results came out to be that parents were responsible and that children acting ou t is usually because there is little discipline at home.I was not satisfied with only these results; I felt that there are exceptions to how children behave that are not solely in result of how they were raised by their parents. School, location, ethnicity, age, and religious factors all influence how we behave. Children are like sponges-they model everything a parent does and incorporate what they see into their own lives (Erikson 5). Reading this article, I was almost convinced that parents were actually really the main reason for children to act in the ways they do.After all, negative examples can be unhealthy as a child will mimic these and lead them to bad behavior. I continued to read on what types of factors would influence negative behavior. I found out social skills, stress, discipline, fighting, and child abuse are all major factors that children are exposed to that result in their behavior. Social skills, such as a simple â€Å"please† or â€Å"thank you†, c an be positively influential to kids; they will model what they witness their parents doing.According to the website More4Kids info, a parent’s reaction to stress affects the way a child reacts to stress (Erickson 6). If they believe they are the reason for yelling or lashing out, the child will sometimes shut him or herself down. Discipline, such as spanking or physically harming one’s child, does not teach that child how to modify their behavior; time-outs are alternate forms of punishment that can change their behavior in a calm manner. Verbal and physical fights are extremely hard on kids.Children may develop low self-esteems and may even behave violently toward other children (Erickson 6). Sometimes when children are abused, they shut down and try to understand why they are getting abused. Reading through this article on how all these factors really influence how children act, I started to believe that mouthy children are the result of bad parenting. Still questio ning if there were any other reasons for children to act out I continued to look at other articles online. According to Oxford University, poor parenting is not the reason for increased problem behavior in kids.They found out that there is no general decline in parenting. Parents and teenagers are choosing to spend more quality time together than in 25 years ago (Oxford 3). The most recent studies show how parents now a-days are more likely to know where they children are compared to what they are doing in the 1980s. I found this information to be particularly surprising because I feel that parents were much stricter in earlier generations then compared to now. The most interesting article I found on who is to blame for children’s behavior is on The New York Times website.Dr. Richard A. Friedman, M. D. , talked about a patient he had that dealt with depression and anxiety due to the fact that her son that had been a generally rude and unkind person his entire life. â€Å"I h ate to admit it, but he is unkind and unsympathetic to people,† said his patient (Friedman 1). When tested, the results came back saying he was in the intellectually superior range and that there was no evidence of any learning disability or mental illness. These same parents raised two other children who were socially and intellectually normal.How do parents raise two other well-behaved children while their other one turned out to be so misbehaved? When I read this, I felt that this was the truth. As I began to read the article Accepting That Good Parents May Plant Bad Seeds, part of me agrees with Dr. Friedman; sometimes good parents do have toxic children. Reading multiple articles arguing why parents are to blame for how their children act or how other factors can influence kids, I feel that both are to blame. On one hand, parents are to blame if their kids have no self-control and get away with acting out.But on the other hand, I feel that some kids are just bad kids; the y choose their own path to follow. For better or for worse, parents have limited power to influence their children. This is why they should not be so fast to take all the blame or credit for everything that their children become (Friedman 3). Vanessa Olson Mrs. Novak Annotated Bibliography 22 September 2012 A Selected Annotated Bibliography on Parents Influence on Kids’ Behavior Friedman, Richard A, M. D. Accepting That Good Parents May Plant Bad Seeds. 12 July   Ã‚   2010. Web. 13 July 2010. http://www. nytimes. om/2010/07/13/health/13mind. html? _r=0 This article was published in the New York Times and Richard Friedman, M. D. , explains the experience he had with one of his patients. She claimed to be depressed due to her son’s behavior. He talks about how their one son is not a nice person but they managed to raise two other well-adjusted children. I think this article is helpful; it explains how parents are not always the reason for how every child behaves. Also there is information of another set of parents who have been ignored by his son, having no phone calls or e-mails returned.The best part of this article is that it says that not everyone will turn out nice and loving, and that it is not necessarily because of parental behavior or their environment that they grew up in. Erickson, Rose. Parents Effect on Child Behavior. 21 Jan. 2010. Web. 14 Sept. 2012. http://www. livestrong. com/article/75282-parents-effect-child-behavior/ In this article, parents are to blame for how their children act. It states how negative examples from parents have a great effect and can cause children to develop bad behavior. The author gives particular topics in day to day life that influence how one behaves.I think this article is useful because out of all the articles about children’s bad behavior being a result of their parents, this has the best reasons why. I like how she used examples to show how each topic is the cause and that she backs up her statements. Also I like this article because Rose does not use words that exceed the average reading level. Oxford University. Today’s Parents ‘Not to Blame’ for Teenage Problem Behavior. 31 July 2009. Web. 14 Sept. 2012. This website talked about how most people believe that parents are much worse now than they were in earlier generations.It has statistics on how even though most believe it to be the other way around, teenagers and parents are much closer now than in earlier generations. Parents are more likely to know where their kids are and what they are doing. I found this article to be useful because it talks about how there are other factors, such as cell phones, television, and the internet, that can influence one’s actions no matter how they were raised. I like this article mainly because it talks about what most articles do not; the comparison between earlier generations and this current one.

An Example of a Hypothesis Test

Mathematics and statistics are not for spectators. To truly understand what is going on, we should read through and work through several examples. If we know about the ideas behind hypothesis testing and see an overview of the method, then the next step is to see an example. The following shows a worked out example of a hypothesis test.   In looking at this example, we consider two different versions of the same problem. We examine both traditional methods of a test of significance and also the p-value method. A Statement of the Problem Suppose that a doctor claims that those who are 17 years old have an average body temperature that is higher than the commonly accepted average human temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. A simple random statistical sample of 25 people, each of age 17, is selected. The average temperature of the sample is found to be 98.9 degrees.  Further, suppose that we know that the population standard deviation of everyone who is 17 years old is 0.6 degrees. The Null and Alternative Hypotheses The claim being investigated is that the average body temperature of everyone who is 17 years old is greater than 98.6 degrees This corresponds to the statement x 98.6. The negation of this is that the population average is not greater than 98.6 degrees. In other words, the average temperature is less than or equal to 98.6 degrees. In symbols, this is x ≠¤ 98.6. One of these statements must become the null hypothesis, and the other should be the alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis contains equality. So for the above, the null hypothesis H0 : x 98.6. It is common practice to only state the null hypothesis in terms of an equals sign, and not a greater than or equal to or less than or equal to. The statement that does not contain equality is the alternative hypothesis, or H1 : x 98.6. One or Two Tails? The statement of our problem will determine which kind of test to use. If the alternative hypothesis contains a not equals to sign, then we have a two-tailed test. In the other two cases, when the alternative hypothesis contains a strict inequality, we use a one-tailed test. This is our situation, so we use a one-tailed test. Choice of a Significance Level Here we choose the value of alpha, our significance level. It is typical to let alpha be 0.05 or 0.01. For this example we will use a 5% level, meaning that alpha will be equal to 0.05. Choice of Test Statistic and Distribution Now we need to determine which distribution to use. The sample is from a population that is normally distributed as the bell curve, so we can use the standard normal distribution. A table of z-scores will be necessary. The test statistic is found by the formula for the mean of a sample, rather than the standard deviation we use the standard error of the sample mean. Here n25, which has a square root of 5, so the standard error is 0.6/5 0.12. Our test statistic is z (98.9-98.6)/.12 2.5 Accepting and Rejecting At a 5% significance level, the critical value for a one-tailed test is found from the table of z-scores to be 1.645. This is illustrated in the diagram above. Since the test statistic does fall within the critical region, we reject the null hypothesis. The p-Value Method There is a slight variation if we conduct our test using p-values. Here we see that a z-score of 2.5 has a p-value of 0.0062. Since this is less than the significance level of 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis. Conclusion We conclude by stating the results of our hypothesis test. The statistical evidence shows that either a rare event has occurred, or that the average temperature of those who are 17 years old is, in fact, greater than 98.6 degrees.

Essay about Branding - 872 Words

1. BRANDING „ « Primary Research is essential. Even if it is only anecdotal and informal. You need to determine your core brand (extended values and brand history/story). It will be important for you to find out what your businesses current customers think of the current brand and where the problems lie. Time needs to be taken and corners must not be cut. A renaming and rebranding exercise has the potential for a business to lose an incredible amount of brand equity if all stakeholders are not considered. What Equity has already been build up and what heritage has already been established? It is important that this is not lost. It could be that the heritage of the business is something that you can leverage your rebranding efforts off. It†¦show more content†¦Its crucial that you insure that the name and rebranding efforts do not limit the business in terms of its long term vision. This could involve competing internationally. You must choose a name that fits all markets or at l east have separate subbrands that are designed to compete in specific markets. „ « The brand name puts a face on the business, it gives your consumers a point of reference when they think of you. Its important that you remember that your brand name and branding efforts are just one of thousands that consumers are bombarded with each day. What makes your brand stand out? Why will they remember you? These questions need to be answered. Does your business name have a story behind it? Its crucial with rebranding that if your name and logo change that all the cosmetic changes take place, everything from new letterhead, business cards, wed design, logo, uniforms and fleet design as to not send mix messages to the consumer. Remember your brand is your most valuable asset, it is represented by your entire business, everything from your advertising, the company cars you drive to the receptionist at the front desk answering the phones. For a brand to be strong and successful it ¡Ã‚ ¦s key that everyone in your business has a strong understanding of, and ability to express your businesses brand positioning and attributes. If you choose to create a new name that has no meaning it will be important to incorporateShow MoreRelatedBranding : Brand And Branding Essay945 Words   |  4 Pages BRANDS AND BRANDING Paras Pokharel Washington University of Virginia Abstract In this research paper, I have included the importance of branding in the strategy of the company. Branding theory and practice evolved in the latest years, beingRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Branding And Branding Essay7914 Words   |  32 PagesTherefore marketers resorted to branding in order to distinguish their offeringsfrom similar products and services provided by their competitors. Additionally, it carries an inherent assurance to the customers that the quality of a purchase will be similar to earlier purchases of the same brand. 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Ai Weiwei Never Sorry - 773 Words

Ai Weiwei is a famous international artist and a most outspoken regional critic in China. Ai express his opinions though social media, visual arts and performing arts. In order to stop Ai’s criticismï ¼Å'Chinese authorities have shut down Ai’s blog, beat him, and take him to secret detention centers. Klayman spend 3 years to filmed â€Å"AI WEIWEI: NEVER SORRY.† â€Å"AI WEIWEI: NEVER SORRY†was shot in documentary style. Ai is not a actorï ¼Å'he express his real life in the movie. Alison Klayman try to discuss the Ai’s inner world in the movie. Film not only shows the Ai as an artist, blogger and activist, but also reveal the Chinese system of injustice. It shows the Chinese other side which besides the economic boom, and the government propaganda. Klayman show a interesting relationship between Ai and his son in the film, â€Å"AI WEIWEI: NEVER SORRY† describe Ai’s creation and show his political critical work, In Ai’s wo rk, we can think about the background of the work. One of the political criticizing of creative subject is schools collapsed because of tofu dreg construction which cause thousands students deaths. In the film, we do not see abusive situation about the Ai, but we can see Ai confrontation with Chinese government so many times. In this section, we can see non-uniformed personnel secretly shoot Ai eat with friends, and Ai’s assistant shoot back on-uniformed personnel . At the last 10 minutes in the film, Ai disappearance in the social. After many days, Klayman know Chinese

To Kill a Mockingbird- How Maturity Affects the Characters Free Essays

When growing up in today’s world, people must face the many challenges of maturing. Whether it is physically, emotionally, or mentally, every person matures individually. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird, the court trial of Tom Robinson matures three main characters in the book. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird- How Maturity Affects the Characters or any similar topic only for you Order Now They learn what growing up is all about. Jem, Scout, and Dill are the most affected by the trial and all matures throughout the book. Jem specifically matures throughout the process of the Tom Robinson case and learns a positive lesson from the trial. After seeing the unfair way Tom Robinson was treated, Jem wants to protect and care for people no matter their age, skin color, reputation and personality. Jem also learns a few lessons from Atticus regarding the judgement of others. At the beginning of Chapter 25, His sister Scout is about to kill a roly-polly bug, Jem stops her and she asks why, Jem responds, â€Å"Because they don’t bother you. † (Lee 320) This quote relates to when Atticus teaches Scout and Jem about the importance lesson of not to kill a mockingbird because they do not harm anyone and sing their hearts out. Jem takes this lesson, the way Tom Robinson was treated just for his skin color, and uses it, as a result of becoming more mature and sharing the lesson with Scout when stopping her. Atticus teaches his children very well about the meaning of treating everyone equally no matter what they hear from the people around them. Scout is who she is because of the way Atticus raises her. Scout learns from Atticus through the Tom Robinson case what can happen  when you lose hope and courage. During the second half of the novel, courage is portrayed by all blacks and Atticus as he fights for the case of Tom Robinson, but Tom Robinson has lost all hope. Scout is devastated by this but also learns bad things can happen when you lose hope and courage. Atticus is the first to teach Scout this important lesson, he says, â€Å"real courage is when you know you’re licked before you begin but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what†, he continues by saying, â€Å"You rarely win, but sometimes you do†. (149) Scout learns how courage is important through Atticus and Tom Robinson’s case, and this is an important aspect of growing up and maturing. While Scout and Jem are maturing quickly because of Atticus’s influence, Dill Harris, the outsider of Maycomb County, matures urely but slowly when is exposed to the Tom Robinson case. He still shows child-like aspects such as crying uncontrollably at the injustice of Tom Robinson being treated so differently from the white witnesses. He also shows signs of maturity when Tom Robinson’s trial is in action. Scout claims that Tom Robinson is just a Negro, therefore it does not matter all that much, Dill responds maturely and says, â€Å"I don’t care one speck. It ain’t right, somehow it ain’t right to do ‘Em that way. Hasn’t anybody got any business talking’ like that, it just makes me sick. (266) Dill sees Tom Robinson for the mockingbird he really is. Jem,Scout, and Dill all learn lessons that impact their life and affect their maturity. A few of these lessons are learned from the Tom Robinson case. Learning to not judge people for what they hear, taking responsibility, and learning right from wrong are all a part of growing up, they do just that. It might be challenging, but courage and bravery bring them through it. As long as it may take, everyone grows up in one way or another, whether it is physically, emotionally, or mentally. How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird- How Maturity Affects the Characters, Papers

Review of Women and Society in Educational Research

Question: Discuss about the Review of Women and Society in Educational Research. Answer: Introduction: This article has briefly explained the political scientists and sociologists different view-point on power. According to sociologists the power is greatly centralized and as described by the political scientists, it is widely diffused. Both Bachrach and Baratz contend further that neither of the notions gives the clear picture. They postulated the two faces of power. They say neither of the two faces is seen by the sociologists and the political scientists see only one of these two faces. In this article, the authors have focused on both the two faces of power. The author feels the first face of power deals with the powers on critical issues and the second is defined as restrictive by them. The article has given a deep insight on the relationship of the behavior of the individual and the exercise of power. The authors in this article has also discussed on the decision making and control. In this article, the major focus is on power. It also provides information about the status of co nflict and its role in exercising power. This journal has discussed about the position of women in the Saudi Arabian society. It has highlighted how Saudi Arabia is a blend of religion and culture. The author has described on how and why the culture and religion prevailing here is posing difficulties for the government over women education. The author here has reviewed various literatures on the women and society in this country. Along with this, Islamic Feminism in the Saudi Arabian society and Feminist theories are been discussed in this journal. Furthermore, the author has also elaborated on the status of women in this society and in their Holy Book- Quran; as well as an in-depth comparison in both of them. In this book, the author undertakes an in-depth analysis of the urban women prevailing in the Saudi Arabian society. It is one of the most welcome additions to the gradually growing literature on the sociological analysis of the non-Western women. This book is a combination of ethnographical framework and self-reflexivity that leads to a gradation interpretation of the communal interpretation of the women of Saudi Arabia in their own terms. The book has focused on many things. They include- the impact of class and the family belonging, analysis of the how rapidly the country has undergone economic development etc. This book has beautifully demonstrated the fact that the Saudi Arabian society is truly transforming itself in accordance to the current royal reforms, which has greatly influenced the life of the women in this country. All these sources have helped me a lot in testing my thesis. They helped me with numerous resources to analyze my test. The information that these book, journal and article are associated to are directly linked with my thesis paper questions and have assisted me n great terms to answer them. All these resources have presented an idea in response to my thesis test. The test could not have taken this form without the help of these authors and their literary and academic writing. References: Bachrach, P., Baratz, M. S. (1994). Two Faces of Power.Power: Critical Concepts,2, 85. Al Alhareth, Y., Al Alhareth, Y., Al Dighrir, I. (2015). Review of women and society in Saudi Arabia.American Journal of Educational Research,3(2), 121-125. Le Renard, A. (2014).A society of young women: opportunities of place, power, and reform in Saudi Arabia. Stanford University Press.